Education

• Ph.D., Philosophy of Language, University of Melbourne, Australia, August 2011

  Thesis title: Foundational Issues in the Theory of Meaning: Brandom’s Inferentialism

• B.A. (Honours), Philosophy, University of Melbourne, Australia, 2003 (graduated with first-class Honours)

• Ll.B. (Honours), University of Melbourne, Australia, 2003 (graduated with first-class Honours)

Awards

• 2018: Team award from the President of Educational Testing Service, Walt MacDonald, jointly received with Irfan Ali, Carlos Cavalie, Jennifer Grant, Kris Anne Kinney, Jessica Silletti and Cary Supalo, in recognition of the group’s work.

• 2016: Team award from the President of Educational Testing Service, Walt MacDonald, (jointly received with Carlos Cavalie, Renee Sanders and Barb Weinrib) for helping to address practical issues in the delivery of assessments in braille to the State of Wisconsin in 2015.

• 2011: Making a Difference Award, Vision Australia, recognizing contributions to the Accessibility of the Web as Co-Chair of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines Working Group

• 2003: Geoff Masel Prize, Melbourne Law School, University of Melbourne (sponsored by Phillips Fox)

• 1999: Hearn Exhibition Prize in Jurisprudence, Law School, University of Melbourne (joint award with another student). Awarded for receiving the highest grade in the jurisprudence (i.e., legal philosophy) subject.

• 1997: Hastie Scholarship, Philosophy, University of Melbourne. (Awarded to the student placed first in the pure Honours program in Philosophy)

Publications

• White, J. J. (2022). Using Markup Languages for Accessible Scientific, Technical, and Scholarly Document Creation. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities, 25(1), 5.

• White, J. (2021, December). Artificial Intelligence and People with Disabilities: a Reflection on Human-AI Partnerships. In Chen, F., & Zhou, J. (eds.), Humanity Driven AI: Productivity, Well-being, Sustainability and Partnership. Springer. (invited book chapter)

• White, J. J. (2021, September). Making Scientific and Technical Materials Pervasively Accessible. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities, 24(1), 1-19.

• White, J. (2020, April). The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities, 23 (1).

• White, J. (2019, October). Fairness of AI for People with Disabilities: Problem Analysis and Interdisciplinary Collaboration. Sigaccess Newsletter 125.

• White, J. (2019, August). WCAG 2.1 Meets STEM: Application, Interpretation, and Opportunities for Further Standard Development. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities, 22 (1).

• Hansen, E., Zapata-Rivera, D., and White, J. (2018). Framework for the Design of Accessible Intelligent Tutoring Systems. In Craig, S.D. (Ed.), Tutoring and Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Nova science Publishers. (invited book chapter).

• Hakkinen, M., & White, J. (2017). Inclusive Design of Collaborative Problem Solving Tasks. In von Davier, A., Kyllonen, P., & Zhu, M. (Eds.), Innovative Assessment of Collaboration. Springer International Publishing. (Invited book chapter)

• White, J., Hakkinen, M., & Grant, J. (2016, November). Meeting Accessibility Challenges with Web Components. Journal on Technology and Persons with Disabilities, 4.

• Hansen, E. G., Cavalie, C., King, T., Hakkinen, M. T., White, J. J., & Grant, J. (2016, July). Towards Accessible Innovative Assessment Items. In International Conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs (pp. )251-258). Springer International Publishing.

• White, J. (2004). From Documents to User Interfaces: Universal Design and the Emergence of Abstraction. Australasian Journal of Information Systems, 11(2), 66-74. (invited paper)

• Fathers, M., Ireland, M., Oberin, H., & White, J. (2002). Disability Access to Published Material (Chapter 7). In Markets for Electronic Book Products (eds. Cope, B., & Mason, D.). Common Ground Publishing, Altona, Australia. (Invited contribution to book chapter by Martin J. Fathers.)

• White, J. (1996). Case Note: Rogers v. The Queen. Melbourne University Law Review, 20, 926-934.

Specifications and Other Documents by Standards Organizations

Named as an editor in

• White, J., Sajka, J., Hollier, S., and Seeman-Horwitz, L. (2025, January). Collaboration Tools Accessibility User Requirements. W3C Group Note 21 January 2025.
• Hollier, S., Brewer, J., White, J., Sajka, J., O’Connor, J., and Noble, S. (Eds.) (2022, July). Accessibility of Remote Meetings. W3C Group Note 22 July 2022.
• White, J., O’Connor, J., Hollier, S., and Sajka, J. (Eds.) (2022, July). Natural Language Interface Accessibility User Requirements. W3C Group Draft Note 22 July 2022.
• Noble, S., White, J., Hollier, S., Sajka, J., and O’Connor, J. (Eds.) (2022, July). Synchronization Accessibility User Requirements. W3C Group Note 05 July 2022.
• O’Connor, J., Sajka, J., White, J., Hollier, S., and Cooper, M. (Eds.) (2021, August). XR Accessibility User Requirements. W3C Working Group Note 25 May 2021.
• O’Connor, J., Sajka, J., White, J., and Cooper, M. (Eds.) (2021, May). RTC Accessibility User Requirements. W3C Working Group Note, 25 May 2021.
• Hollier, S., Sajka, J., White, J., Cooper, M., and May, M. (Eds.) (2019, August). Inaccessibility of CAPTCHA: Alternatives to Visual Turing Tests on the Web. W3C Working Group Note, 23 August 2019. Revised W3C Note.

Named as an author in

• Garrish, M., Kersher, G., LaPierre, C., Singh, A., Deltour, R., Gylling, M., Heinser, B., Kaplansky, J., Rothberg, M., Siegman, T., & White, J. (2017, January). EPUB Accessibility 1.0: Conformance and Discovery Requirements for EPUB Publications. International Digital Publishing Forum.

Named as an editor in

• Caldwell, B., Chisholm, W., Slatin, J., Vanderheiden, G., & White, J. (Eds.) (2005). Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0, W3C Working Draft 30 June 2005.

  • Noted as a “previous editor until June 2005” in the final WCAG 2.0 specification (W3C Recommendation 11 December 2008).

Presentations

• White, J. (2025, August). The Technology and Disability Intersection: Reflections on Technical and Policy Challenges. Monash Assistive Technology and Society seminar, Monash University, Australia.

• White, J. (2025, March). Creating Collaboratively and Accessibly: an Overview of the Collaboration Tools Accessibility User Requirements. Presentation given remotely to the Perth Web Accessibility & Inclusive Design group, Western Australia (at their invitation).

• White, J. (2021, September). Using Markup Languages for Accessible Scientific, Technical, and Scholarly Document Creation. Presentation at the ISLAND 2021 conference, Princeton, NJ.

• White, J. (2020, September). Making Scientific and Technical Materials Pervasively Accessible. Presentation at the 2020 ISLAND Conference, Princeton, NJ. (See the associated paper cited above.)

• White, J. (2019, October). Fairness of AI for People with Disabilities: Problem Analysis and Interdisciplinary Collaboration. Presentation at the AI Fairness for People with Disabilities Workshop, ASSETS 2019, Pittsburgh, PA. (See the associated position paper cited above.)

• White, J. (2019, October). The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond. Presentation at the ISLAND 2019 Conference, Huntsville, AL. (See the associated paper cited above.)

• White, J. (2019, March). The Role of Research in Informing Development of Accessibility Standards. Presentation at the 34th CSUN Assistive Technology Conference, Anaheim, Ca (general track).

• White, J. (2018, September). WCAG 2.1 Meets STEM: Application, Interpretation, and Challenges for Further Standard Development. Presentation at the ISLAND 2018 Conference, Princeton, NJ. (See the associated publication above).

• Hakkinen, M., Kinney, K.A., and White, J. (2018, April). Beyond Compliance – Usability for People with Disabilities. Presentation at a Princeton Accessibility Meetup, Princeton, NJ.

• Hansen, E., White, J., Cavalie, C., and Supalo, C. (2018, March). Dialog-based Approach for A11y of Simulation-based Science Assessment. Presentation at the 33rd CSUN Assistive Technology Conference, San Diego, Ca (General Track)

• White, J., Hansen, E., and Cavalie, C. (2018, March). Design and Preliminary Evaluation of an Orientation Information Tool. Presentation at the 33rd CSUN Assistive Technology Conference, San Diego, Ca (General Track)

• White, J. (2017, October). WCAG 2.1 Overview, Status, and How You Can Participate). Presentation at a Princeton Accessibility Meetup, Princeton, NJ.

• White, J. (2017, September). Achieving Greater Mathematics and Science Accessibility through the Development of Technological Standards. Presentation at the ISLAND 2017 conference, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.

• Hansen, E., Hakkinen, M., White, J., & Cavalie, C. (2017, March). Sonification for Accessibility of Data Tables in Science Assessments. Presentation at the 32nd CSUN Assistive Technology Conference, San Diego, Ca. (general track)

• White, J., & Hakkinen, M. (2017, March). Perceptual and Cognitive Considerations in Accessible User Interface Design. Presentation at the 32nd CSUN Assistive Technology Conference, San Diego, Ca. (general track)

• White, J., & Hakkinen, M. (2016, March). Meeting Accessibility Challenges with Web Components. Presentation at the 31st Annual International Technology and Persons with Disabilities Conference, San Diego, Ca. (science/research track - the same acceptance as of the paper cited above.)

• Hansen, E., Hakkinen, M., White, J., & Cavalie, C. (2016, March). Accessible Alternatives for a Simulation-based Science Assessment Task. Presentation at the 31st Annual International Technology and Persons with Disabilities Conference, San Diego, Ca. (general track)

• White, J. (2015, September). Web Accessibility: Standards, their Regulatory Implications, and Related Work in Education and Assessment. Presentation at the 12th Testing Agencies Disability Forum, Bloomington, MN. (invited by ETS)

• White, J., & Hakkinen, M. (2015, July). Accessibility and Assistive Technology. Presentation for the IMS QTI/APIP Bootcamp series. (invited by IMS)

• Hansen, E., Hakkinen, M., & White, J. (2015, March). A Library of Accessible Templates for Technology Enhanced Assessment Items. Presentation at the 30th Annual International Technology and Persons with Disabilities Conference, San Diego, CA. (general track)

• Esch, F., Hakkinen, M., McCathieNevile, C., Schepers, D., Schwerdtfeger, R., Watson, L., & White, J. (2015, March). W3C SVG Accessibility Task Force Panel Discussion: The Future of Accessible Graphics on the Web. Organized and hosted by IBM, colocated with the 30th Annual International Technology and Persons with Disabilities Conference, San Diego, Ca.

• Burton, C., & White, J. (2013). Designing a Verifiable and Accessible Electronic Voting System. Presentation at linux.conf.au 2013, Canberra.

• White, J. (2011). Non-Visual Access to Linux from Bootup to Shutdown. Presentation at linux.conf.au 2011, Brisbane.

• White, J. (2009). Web Site and Web Application Accessibility with Orca and Firefox. Presentation at linux.conf.au 2009, Hobart.

• White, J. (2008). By Sound and By Touch: Using Linux with Speech and Braille Output Interfaces. Presentation at linux.conf.au 2008, Melbourne.

• White, J. (2004). From Documents to User Interfaces: Universal Design and the Emergence of Abstraction. Invited keynote presentation at OZCHI 2004, Wollongong, Australia. (Same invitation as of the paper cited above.)

• Heagney, N., White, J., & Arch, A. (2002). Testing for Accessibility: Is your site accessible or just conformant? Presentation at OZeWAI 2002, Rydges Carlton, Victoria.

• White, J., McCathieNevile, C., & Chisholm, W. (2001). Explanations of the W3C Guidelines. Presentation at OZeWAI 2001, Rydges Carlton, Victoria.

• McCathieNevile, C., & White, J. (2000). Accessibility in emerging Web Technology. Presentation at the International Web Accessibility Summit, Melbourne.

• Brewer, J., Dardailler, D., Jenkins, P., Scholfield, J., White, J., & Wood, L. (1998). Web Accessibility: Technical and business challenges, implementation successes. Panel at WWW7: the Seventh International Conference on the World Wide Web, Brisbane, Australia.

Employment History

• Associate Research Scientist - Web Accessibility, Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ, USA (6 October 2014-27 July 2022)

• Web Accessibility Reviewer, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (23 July 2011 - 29 August 2014) - a casual employment contract

Standards Working Groups, Committees and Task Forces (Selected)

Please note: my degree of involvement in standards-related activities has varied over time and between groups, ranging from passively reading and monitoring email discussions to attending teleconferences or face to face meetings, or serving in positions of responsibility such as a co-chair or facilitator. Status as a “member” or “participant” in a group should not be interpreted as necessarily implying any given degree of involvement or contribution.

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

• Co-Facilitator, with Scott Hollier: Research Questions Accessibility Task Force, from September 2020.

• Facilitator: Research Questions Accessibility Task Force, a Task Force of the Accessible Platform Architectures (APA) Working Group (from September 2016 to September 2020).

• Participant: Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) Working Group, W3C (from 26 October 2015 until completion of substantive work on Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.1 - circa 2018; inactive in group thereafter apart from monitoring its activities to advise and consult with colleagues who were participaitng).

• Participant: Accessible Platform Architectures (APA) working group (from 22 October 2015)

• Participant: Protocols and Formats working group, W3C (from 6 October 2014 - 18 March 2016 when group officially closed; last contribution by e-mail from me on 25 November 2015).

• Participant, Independent User Interface (Indie-UI) working group, W3C (June 2012 - –29 April 2015) when decision taken to close group.

• Editor, Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 from 2000 to June 2005, noted above

• Co-Chair, with Gregg Vanderheiden, Web Content Accessibility Guidelines working group, (13 January 2000 - June 2004)

• Participant: Web Content Accessibility Guidelines working group, (1 November 1997 - 13 January 2000)

• Participant: Web Accessibility Initiative Working Group, []June 1997](https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/w3c-wai-wg/1997AprJun/0082.html) - September 1997, and the associated HTML 4/CSS 2 specification review, September 1997 - December 1997

Other Standards Groups

• Co-Chair, with Mark Hakkinen, Accessible Assessment Task Force, IMS Global Learning Consortium, circa August/September 2015 - circa September 2017, a task force associated with the Question and Test Interoperability Workgroup

• Accessible Portable Item Protocol (APIP) Accessibility Task Force, IMS Global Learning Consortium (from circa September/October 2014 to circa August/September 2015)

• International Digital Publishing Forum, EPUB Working Group (from 2 September 2015 until closure of group circa January 2017 due to merger of IDPF with W3C)

• DIAGRAM Standards group, DIAGRAM Center (Benetech) (from September 2014), participating in the DIAGRAM standards work. This work has continued under the auspices of the DAISY Consortium subsequently to the conclusion of the DIAGRAM Project.

Additional Professional Activities

• American Institute of Mathematics Workshop on Automated Production of Braille textbooks, 18-22 July 2022, Baltimore, MD.

• Member: Scientific Committee, Shape the Future: Research and Development Questions in Digital Accessibility Online Research Symposium, 10 November 2021.

• Participant: W3C Workshop on Inclusive Design for Immersive Web Standards, Seattle, WA, 5-6 November 2019.

• Participant: XR Access Symposium, organized by Cornell Tech and Verizon Media, New York, 15-16 July 2019.

• Participant: Accessible Voice Interfaces Workshop, Jersey City, NJ, November 2018.

• Web Accessibility of Mathematics Workshop, hosted by the American Institute of Mathematics, San Jose, CA., May 2018 (invited).

• Member: Program Committee, 2018 International Conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs (ICCHP).

• Computing Communities Consortium, Promoting Strategic Research on Inclusive Access to Rich Online Content and Services workshop, 24-25 September 2015, Washington, DC. (By invitation of organizers.)